Forging Temperature Charts: A Key Guide

I. The forging temperature range for steel is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 The forging temperature range for steel

Grade	Forging temperature/°C
Grade	Start forging	Final Forging
Q195, Q215	1300	700
Q235	1250	700
08F, 08, 10F, 10, 15F, 15, 20F, 20, 25, 30, 15Mn, 20Mn, 30Mn	1250	800
40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 40Mn, 45Mn, 50Mn	1200	800
10Mn2, 15Mn2, 20Mn2, 30Mn2, 35Mn2, 40Mm2, 45Mn2, 50Mn2, 27SiMn, 35SiMn	1200	800
42SiMn	1150	800
20MnV, 35SiMn2MoV	1200	800
25Mn2V, 42Mn2V, 30SiMn2MoV	1180	800
30Mm2MoW	1150	850
12SiMn2WV	1180	850
15SiMn3MoWV	1200	900
37SiMn2MoWV	1170	800
20Mn2B, 20MnTiB	1200	800
25MnTiB, 20Mn2TiB, 20MnVB	1200	850
20SiMnVB	1180	800
30Mn2MoTiB	1100	850
40B, 45B, 40MnB, 45MnB, 40MnVB, 40MnWB, 38CrSi, 40CrSi	1150	850
15CrMn, 20CrMn, 40CrMn	1150	800
20CrMnSi, 25CrMnSi	1200	800
30CrMnSi, 35CrMnSi	1150	850
15CrMn2SiMo	1200	900
20CrV, 16Mo	1250	800
40CrV, 45CrV, 18CrMnTi, 20CrMnTi, 30CrMnTi, 35CrMnTi, 40CrMnTi	1200	800
12CrMo, 15CrMo, 20CrMo	1200	800
30CrMo	1180	800
35CrMo, 42CrMo	1150	850
15CrMnMo, 20CrMnMo	1200	900
40CrMnMo	1150	850
12CrMoV, 24CrMoV, 25C2MoV, 25G2MolV	1100	850
12Cr1MoV, 35CrMoV	1150	850
38CrMoAl	1180	850
18Cr3MoWV, 20Cr3MoWV	1150	850
15Cr, 20Cr, 30Cr, 35Cr, 40Cr, 45Cr, 50Cr	1200	800
20CrNi	1200	800
40CrNi, 45CrNi	1150	850
12CrNi2, 12CrNi3	1200	800
20CrNi3, 37CrNi13, 12Cr2Ni4, 20Cr2Ni4	1180	850
40CrNiMo	1150	850
18Cr2Ni4W	1180	850
20NiMo	1200	830
40NiMo	1150	900
T7, T7A, T8, T8A	1150	800
T9, T9A, T10, T10A	1100	770
T11, T11A, T12, T12A, T13, T13A	1050	750
9Mn2, 9Mn2V, MnSi, 6MnSiV, 5SiMnMoV, 9SiCr, SiCr, Cr2	1100	800
Cr, Cr06, 8Cr	1050	850
Cr12	1080	840
CrMn, 5CrMnMo	1100	800
Cr6WV, CrW5	1050	850
CrW, Cr12W	1150	850
3Cr2W8V	1120	850
CrWMn	1100	800
9CrWMn, 5CrW2Si, 6CrW2Si, 4CrW2Si	1100	850
Cr12MoV	1100	840
3CrAl, CrV	1050	850
8CrV	1120	800
5CrNiMo, W1, W2	1100	800
5W2GrSiV, 4W2CrSiV, 3W2CrSiV, WCrV, W3GrV	1050	850
3W4GrSiV, 3W4Cr2V, V, CrMn2SiWMoV, Cr4W2MoV	1100	850
8V	1100	800
4Cr5W2SiV	1150	950
SiMnMo	1000	850
5CrMnSiMoV	1200	700
W18Gr4V, W9C4V2	1150	900
W6Mo5Cr4V2, CW18C4V	1130	900
W6Mo5 Cr4V3	1100	900
06Cr13	1150	750
12Cr13, 20Cr13, 30Cr13, 40Cr13, Cr17Ti	1150	750
Cr17	1100	750
Cr28	1120	700
Cr9Mn18	1180	850
32Cr13Mo	1150	800
14Cr17Ni2	1130	850
06Cr19Ni10, 12Cr18Ni9, 17Cr18Ni9	1130	850
Cr18Mn8Ni5	1200	850
Cr17Mo2Ti, Cr25Mo3Ti3	1150	800
Cr18Nil1Nb	1200	900
90Cr18MoV	1100	750
Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti, Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti	1200	850
9Cr17MoVCo	1130	850
Cr18Ni9Cu3Ti	1200	870
Cr18Ni19Mo1Cu2Ti	1200	900
42Cr9Si2	1130	850
Cr13Si3, Cr18Si2, Cr20Si3	1100	800
Cr25Si2	1050	800
4Cr3Si4, Cr5Mo	1150	850
Cr6SiMo	1170	850
4Cr16Si2Mo, Cr11MoV	1150	850
Cr13SiAl, Cr17A14Si	1100	800
Cr8A15, Cr7A17, Cr20Al5Co2, Cr13 A14	1050	800
1Cr17A15	1050	800
0Cr25A15	1050	800
1Cr14Ni14W2MoTi	1150	850
45Cr14Ni14W2Mo, Cr15Ni36W3Ti	1130	900
65, 70, 75, 85, 60Mn, 65Mn	1100	800
55Si2Mn, 60Si2Mn, 60Si2MnA	1100	850
50CrMn, 50CrMnA, 50CrVA, 50CrMnVA	1150	850
GCr6, GCr9, GCr9SiMn, GCr15, GCr15SiMn	1080	800

II. Forging temperature and heating specifications for high-temperature alloys are shown in Table 2

Table 2 Forging temperature and heating specifications for high-temperature alloys

Grade		Forging Temperature		Preheat		Heating
Grade		Start Forging/℃	End Forging/℃	Temperature/℃	Holding Time/(min/mm)	Temperature/℃	Heat preservation time/(min/mm)
Iron-based alloy	GH2136	1100	900	750	0.6～0.8	1130	0.4～0.8
	GH1015, GH1016, GH1140	1150	900	750		1170
	GH1139	1100	900	750		1130
	GH2018	1140	900	750		1160
	GH1035, GH1131, GH1140	1100	900	750		1130
	GH2036	1180	980	800		1200
	GH2135	1120	950	750		1140
	GH2130	1100	950	750		1130
	GH2132, GH2302	1100	950	750		1130
	GH2984	1130	900	750		1150
	GH2901	1120	950	750		1140
Nickel-based alloy	GH3030, GH3039	1160	900	800	0.4～0.8	1180	0.4～0.8
	GH3128	1160	950	750		1180
	GH4163, GH3170	1150	980	800		1170
	GH4033	1160	1000	800		1180
	GH4133	—	—	750		—
	GH4037, GH4049, GH4220	1160	1050	750		1180
	GH4080A, GH4141	1140	1000	750		1160
	GH4710	1110	1000	750		1130
	GH4145	1160	850	750		1180
	GH4169	1120	950	750		1120
	GH4738	1150	1050	—		1170

III. The forging and die forging temperature range and permissible deformation degree of aluminum alloys are shown in Table 3. The extrusion and forging temperatures for processing aluminum and aluminum alloys are shown in Table 4.

Table 3 Forging and die forging temperature range and permissible deformation degree of aluminum alloys

Grade	Forging temperature/℃		Permissible deformation degree (%)
	Start forging	End forging	Hammer (8m/s)	Press (0.3m/s)
5A02, 3A21	420 to 470	350	≥80	≥80
6A02, 2A50, 2B50			As-cast condition
			40 to 50	<50
			Deformed condition
			50 to 65	<80
2A11, 2A14, 2A02	440～470 420～450	400 380	As-cast condition
			40	40～50
			Deformed condition
2A90, 2A80, 2A70, 5A05, 5A06	420～470 400～430	350 320	50～70 50～60	<80 >60
7A03, 7A04, 7A05, 7A06	400~430 370~400	350 320	As-cast condition
			30~40	40~50
			Deformed condition
			50~60	80

Table 4 Extrusion and Forging Temperatures for Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys

Grade	Extrusion Temperature/°C	Forging Temperature/℃
1070A	250~450	—
1060
1050A
1035
1200
8A03
5A02	320 ~450	350~470
5A03	320 ~450	350~470
5A05	380 ~450	350~440
5A06	380 ~450	350~440
5A12	380 ~450	350~440
3A21	320 ~450	—
2A01	320 ~450	—
2A02	440 ~460	380～470
2A06	440 ~460	—
2A10	320 ~450	—
2A11	320 ~450	380~470
2A12	400 ~450	380~470
2A16	440 ~460	400~460
2A17	440 ~460	—
7A03	300 ~450	—
7A04	300~450	380~450
6A02	370 ~450	400~500
2A50	370 ~450	380~480
2B50	370 ~450	380~480
2A70	375 ~450	380~480
2A80	375~450	380~480
2A90	375 ~450	380~480
2A14	400 ~450	380~480

IV. The forging temperature range for copper and copper alloys is shown in Table 5. The hot deformation temperature for copper alloys is shown in Table 6. The brittle temperature range for some copper alloys is shown in Table 7.

Table 5 Forging Temperature Range for Copper and Copper Alloys

Grade	Forging Temperature Range/℃
T1, T2, T3, T4	900~650
H90	900~700
H80	830~700
H70	830~700
H68	820~650
H62	820~650
H59	820~650
HPb61-1	800~650
HPb59-1	730~650
HSn60-1	820~650
HSn62-1	820~650
HMn58-2	800~650
HFe59-1-1	800~650
HAI77-2	760~670
HAI60-1-1	750~650
HAI59-3-2	730~650
HAI80-3	800~700
HSi65-1.5-3	780~650
HNi65-5	840~650
QA15	830~700
QA17	840~700
QA19-2	900~700
QA19-4	850~700
QA110-3-1.5	850~700
QA110-4-4	900~750
Qsi1-3	880~700
QSi3-1	800~630
QSn7-0.2	780~700
QSn6.5-0.4	740~650
QSn6.5-0.1	790~660
QMn3-1	800~630
QCd1	850~650
QCr0.5	870~670
QBe2	800~600

Table 6 Hot Deformation Temperature for Copper Alloys

Grade	Temperature/℃
Grade	Die Forging	Extrusion
Copper
T2, T3, T4	800～950	775～925
Brass
H96	700~850	830~880
H90	800~900	820~900
H80, H85, H70		820~870
H68	700~850	750~830
H62	700~850	700~850
HA177-2	—	700~830
HA160-1-1	—	700~750
HA159-3-2	700~750	700~750
HNi65-5	650~850	750~850
HFe59-1-1	650~820	650~750
HMn58-2	600~750	625~700
HMn57-3-1	600~730	625~700
HSn90-1	850 ~900	850~900
HSn70-1	650~750	650~750
HSn62-1	680~750	700~750
HSn60-1	700~820	700~820
HPb59-1	640,780	640,780
Bronze
QA15	750~900	830~880
QA17	760~900	850~900
QA19-2	800~960	750~850
QA19-4	750~900	750~850
QA110-3-1.5	750~900	700~850
QA110-4-4	800~900	830~880
QBe2	650~800	660~720
QBe2.5	720~800	660~720
QSi3-1	600~780	875~825
QSi1-3	800~910	850~900
QSn4-0.25	800~920	750~800
QSn6.5-0.4	800~920	680~770
(QCr0.5)	800~920	—
White bronze
BZn15-20	800~920	750~825
BFe28-2.5-1.5	800~920	850~950

Table 7 Temperature range of brittleness zone for some copper alloys

Grade	Brittleness zone temperature range/°C
H96	650~750
H80, H90	350~600
H62	300~600
H70	400~700
HPb59-1	250~600
QA15	300~600
QA19-2	200~600
QA110-3-1.5	200~400
QBe2	200~500
Pure copper	400~700

V. Forging temperatures for titanium and titanium alloys are shown in Table 8. Forging heating specifications for titanium alloys are shown in Table 9.

Table 8 Forging temperatures for titanium and titanium alloys

Grade	Deformed billet		Finished product
Grade	Heating temperature/°C	Final forging temperature/℃ ≥	Heating temperature/℃	Final forging temperature/℃ ≥
TA1	900~950	700	850~880	700
TA2	900~950	700	850~880	700
TA3	900~950	700	850~880	700
TA4	1030~1050	800	—	—
TA5	1000~1050	800	—	—
TA6	1050~1100	850	980~1020	800
TA7	1050~1100	850	980~1020	800
TB2	1090 ~1100	800	990~1010	800
TC1	900~950	750	850~880	750
TC2	900~950	800	850~900	750
TC3	950~1050	800	950~970	750
TC4	960~1100	800	950~970	750
TC6	1000~1050	800	950~980	800
TC9	1050~1080	800	950~970	800
TC10	1000~1050	800	930~940	800

Table 9 Titanium alloy forging heating specifications

Type	Grade	β transition temperature /°C	Pre-deformed blank			Titanium ingot
Type	Grade	β transition temperature /°C	Starting forging temperature/℃	Final forging temperature/℃	Insulation time / (min/mm)	Initial forging temperature / °C	Final forging temperature / °C
α titanium alloy	TA2TA3		900 (870)	700 (650)	0.8	980	750
	TA4		980 (980)	800 (800)		1050	850
	TA5		980 (980)	800 (800)		1050	850
	TA6TA7	1025~1050	1020 (990)	900 (850)		1150	900
	TA8	950~990	960 (940)	850 (800)		1150	900
β titanium alloy	TB1	750~800	930 (920)	800 (700)	0.7
α＋β titanium alloy	TC1	910~930	910 (900)	750 (700)	0.7	980	750
	TC3	920~960	920 (900)	800 (750)	0.7	1050	850
	TC4	960~1000	960 (940)	800 (750)	0.8	1150	850
	TC5TC6	950~980	950 (950)	800 (800)		1150	750
	TC8	970~1000	970 (960)	850 (800)		1150	900
	TC9TC11	970~1000	970 (960)	850 (800)		1150	900
	TC10	930~960	930 (910)	850 (800)		1150	900

Note: 1. Data in parentheses in the table are temperatures used for hydraulic presses; data without parentheses are temperatures used for forging hammers.

2. Heating temperature controlled at ±10°C, insulation time is 0.6～0.7min/mm.

VI. Forging and die forging temperature ranges and permissible deformation levels for magnesium alloys are shown in Table 10. Die forging process parameters for magnesium alloys are shown in Table 11.

Table 10 Forging and die forging temperature ranges and permissible deformation levels for magnesium alloys

Grade			M2M	AZ40M	ME20M	AZ41M	AZ80M
Forging Temperature /℃	Hammer Upper Die Forging	Start forging	430			420	400
		Finish forging	340			340	300
	Press Upper Die Forging	Start forging	420			400	390
		Finish forging	300			300	280
Allowed Maximum Deformation Degree /%		On the hammer	60			50	35
		On the press	80			70	60
Allowed Deformation Degree /%			25			15	—
Forging Temperature on Press and Hammer Upper Die /℃	Press Upper Die Forging	Start forging	430			420	400
		Final Forging	320			300	300
	Cold work hardening of hammer	Initial Forging	250			280	—
		Final Forging	230			250	—
Forging Temperature on Hydraulic Press Upper Die /℃	Die forging	Initial Forging	420			400	400
		Final Forging	300			—	—
	Cold work hardening	Initial Forging	250			280	280
		Final Forging	230			250	250

Table 11 Magnesium Alloy Die Forging Processing Parameters

Grade	Die Forging Processing Temperature / °C	Homogenization Annealing			Annealing
Grade	Die Forging Processing Temperature / °C	Temperature/℃	Holding Time/h	Cooling Method	Temperature/℃	Holding Time/h	Cooling Method
M2M	260~450	410~425	12	Air Cooling	320~350	0.5	Air Cooling
AZ40M	275~450	390~410	10	Air Cooling	280~350	3~5	Air cooling
A741M	250~450	380~420	6~8	Air cooling	250~280	0.5	Air cooling
AZ61M	250~340	390~405	10	Air cooling	320~350	0.5~4	Air cooling
AZ62M	280~350	—	—	—	320~350	4~6	Air cooling
AZ80M	300~400	390~405	10	Air cooling	350~380	3~6	Air cooling
ME20M	280~450	410~425	12	Air cooling	250~350	1	Air cooling
ZK61M	340~420	360~390	10	Air cooled	—	—	—

Forging Temperature Charts: A Key Guide

Table Of Contents

I. The forging temperature range for steel is shown in Table 1.

II. Forging temperature and heating specifications for high-temperature alloys are shown in Table 2

III. The forging and die forging temperature range and permissible deformation degree of aluminum alloys are shown in Table 3. The extrusion and forging temperatures for processing aluminum and aluminum alloys are shown in Table 4.

IV. The forging temperature range for copper and copper alloys is shown in Table 5. The hot deformation temperature for copper alloys is shown in Table 6. The brittle temperature range for some copper alloys is shown in Table 7.

V. Forging temperatures for titanium and titanium alloys are shown in Table 8. Forging heating specifications for titanium alloys are shown in Table 9.

VI. Forging and die forging temperature ranges and permissible deformation levels for magnesium alloys are shown in Table 10. Die forging process parameters for magnesium alloys are shown in Table 11.

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Forging Temperature Charts: A Key Guide

I. The forging temperature range for steel is shown in Table 1.

II. Forging temperature and heating specifications for high-temperature alloys are shown in Table 2

III. The forging and die forging temperature range and permissible deformation degree of aluminum alloys are shown in Table 3. The extrusion and forging temperatures for processing aluminum and aluminum alloys are shown in Table 4.

IV. The forging temperature range for copper and copper alloys is shown in Table 5. The hot deformation temperature for copper alloys is shown in Table 6. The brittle temperature range for some copper alloys is shown in Table 7.

V. Forging temperatures for titanium and titanium alloys are shown in Table 8. Forging heating specifications for titanium alloys are shown in Table 9.

VI. Forging and die forging temperature ranges and permissible deformation levels for magnesium alloys are shown in Table 10. Die forging process parameters for magnesium alloys are shown in Table 11.

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